| Applications Description |
Reference, Standard or Document Source |
| 1. Pipeline Facilities |
|
1.1 Pipeline Pumps
- Required Pump Horsepower
- Affinity Laws-Impeller Diameter Change Only
- Pump Specific Speed
- Suction Specific Speed
- Temperature Rise Due to Pumping
- Reciprocating Pump-Displacement & Actual Capacity
- Reciprocating Pump-Piston Rod Load
- Reciprocating Pump-Acceleration Head
- Pump Station Piping-Pipe Diameter
- Pump Station Piping-Pipe Wall Thickness
- Pump Station Piping-Average Flow Velocity
- Local Atmospheric Pressure Calculation
|
• Engineering Data Book, Vol-1, Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Tenth Edition
• Pump Handbook, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional
• API RP 14E
• American Gas Association, Report No.3 |
| 1.2 Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connection |
ASME B31.4 - 1998 Edition "Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and other Liquids", Art. 404.3.1(c) |
1.3 Relief Valves
- Valves Requiring/Not Requiring Liquid Capacity Certification
- Orifice Area Sizing
- Discharge Flow Sizing
- Reactive Force
|
ASME Section VIII and API RP 520 Part I - Sizing and Selection, Sixth Edition, March 1993
Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, McGraw-
Hill |
| 2. Hydraulics |
|
2.1 Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics
- Darcy-Weisbach
- Colebrook-White
- Hazen-Williams
- Heltzel
- T.R. Aude
- Shell/MIT
|
- Pipeline Design for Hydrocarbons Gases & Liquids, ASCE, Committee on Pipeline Planning
- Hydraulics for Pipeliners, Volume I: Fundamentals, Second Edition, C.B. Lester
- Hydraulics of Pipeline Systems, Bruce E. Larock, Ronald Jeppson, Gary Watters
|
| 2.2 Darcy-Weisbach Pressure Drop Per Mile |
- Flow of fluids, Technical Paper No.410, CRANE
- Hydraulics for Pipeliners, Volume I: Fundamentals, Second Edition, C.B. Lester
- Hydraulics of Pipeline Systems, Bruce E. Larock, Ronald W. Jeppson, Gary Z. Watters
|
| 2.3 Surge Analysis – Water Hammer |
- Streeter, V.L. and Wylie, E.B. (1967), Hydraulic Transients, McGraw-Hill,
- Streeter, V.L. (1969), Waterhammer Analysis. Jour. Hyd. Div., ASCE., Vol. 88, HY3, pp79-113
- Streeter, V.L. (1972), Unsteady Flow Calculations by Numerical Methods, ASME Journal of Basic Eng., pp457-466
- J. P Tullis (1989), Hydraulic Pipelines, John Wiley & Sons
|
| 3. Pipeline Design & Stress Analysis |
|
| 3.1 Design Pressure-Steel Pipe |
DOT Part 195 & ASME B31.4 |
| 3.2 Wall Thickness- Straight Steel Pipe |
ASME B31.4 |
| 3.3 Design Pressure-Polyethylene Pipe |
API 15LE |
| 3.4 Wall Thickness - Polyethylene Pipe |
API 15LE |
| 3.5 Flume Design - Rational Method |
ASCE, FHWA |
| 3.6 Buoyancy Analysis & Concrete Coating Requirements |
A.G.A. GEOP Series, Book T-1 |
| 3.7 Pipe Anchor Force Analysis |
Pipe Line Industry, Wilbur, W.E., February 1963
Theory of Elasticity, Timoshenko, S.
|
| 3.8 Maximum Impact Load & Penetration Depth |
DOT Code Part 192 |
| 3.9 Internal Pressure - % SMYS |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 3.10 Hoop Stress & Longitudinal Stress |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 3.11 Requirements to Move Unpressured Pipe |
DOT Alert Notice 1/7/1992 |
| 3.12 Bending Stress & Deflection |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 3.12 Maximum Allowable Pipe Span Length |
Williams Gas Pipeline Documentation |
| 3.13 Pipe Requirements for Horizontally Drilled Installation |
Williams Gas Pipeline Documentation |
| 3.14 Bending Stress Caused by Fluid Flowing Around Pipeline |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 3.15 Linear Thermal Pipeline Expansion |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 3.16 Installment of Pipelines by Horizontal
Directional Drilling |
PRCI Report PR-227-9424 |
3.17. Longitudinal Stress in Movement of In-Service Pipelines (API 1117) |
API RP 1117 - Movement of In-Service Pipeline, Second Edition, August 1966 |
3.18. Blasting Analysis |
A.G.A "Pipeline Response to Buried Explosive Detonations |
| 4. Steel Pipeline Crossings |
|
| 4.1 Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads & Highways |
API RP-1102 |
| 4.2 Wheel Load Analysis |
- ASME B31.4 - 1998 Edition of Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and other Liquids, Art. 404.3.1(c)
- Evaluation of Buried Pipe Encroachments, BATTELLE, Petroleum Tech Center, 1983
|
| 4.3 Track Load Analysis |
- ASME B31.4 - 1998 Edition of Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and other Liquids, Art. 404.3.1(c)
- Evaluation of Buried Pipe Encroachments, BATTELLE, Petroleum Tech Center, 1983
|
| 4.4 Design of Uncased Crossings |
GPTC Guide for Transmission and Distribution Systems, A.G.A., Appendix G-192-15 |
| 5. External Corrosion Direct Assessment Toolset |
|
| 5.1 Remaining Life of Corroded PL & Re-assessment Interval for ECDA Region |
GTI Report GRI-04/0093.6, NACE RP 0502, ASME B31.4, ASME B31.8, ASME B31.8S
|
| 5.2 Potential Impact Radius (PIR) |
Potential Impact Radius Formula for Flammable Gases Other then Natural Gas”, DOT/OPS TTO Number 13 Final Report |
| 5.3 DCVG - % IR Drop |
CATH-TECH, Cathodic Technology Limited |
| 6. Pipeline Testing |
|
| 6.1 Pipeline Hydrostatic Testing |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook
Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook, 3rd Edition |
| 6.2 Alternative Acceptance Standards for Girth Welds |
API RP 1104 Appendix A (Option-2) |
| 6.3 Pipeline Pressure Testing – Maximum Pressure Drop |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 6.4 Pipeline Blowdown – Time & Volume Lost |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 6.5 Purging Calculations |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 6.6 Pack in Pipeline |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 6.7 RSTRENG V5 - Evaluating Remaining Strength of Externally Corroded Pipe |
Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) |
| 7. Pipeline Corrosion |
|
| 7.1 Evaluation of MAOP in Corroded Areas |
ASME B31G |
| 7.2 Maximum Allowable Longitudinal Extent of Corrosion |
ASME B31G |
| 7.3 Rate of Electrical Current Flow Through the Corrosion Cell |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 7.4 Relationship between Resistance & Resistivity |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 7.5 Electrolyte Resistance from Surface of an Electrode to any Distance |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 7.6 Corrosion Current Ohm’s Law |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 7.7 Electrical Resistance of a Conductor |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 8. Cathodic Protection |
|
| 8.1 Estimated Weight of a Magnesium Anode |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 8.2 Resistance to Earth of an Impressed Anode Ground Bed |
DOT/TSI Gas Distribution Handbook |
| 8.3 Rudenberg’s Formula for the Placement of an Anode Ground Bed |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Control of Pipeline Corrosion |
| 8.4 Resistance to Earth of a Single Vertical Anode |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Control of Pipeline Corrosion |
| 8.5 Resistance to Earth of Multiple Vertical Anodes |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Control of Pipeline Corrosion |
| 8.6 Resistance to Earth of a Single Horizontal Anode |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Control of Pipeline Corrosion |
| 8.7 Required Number of Anodes & the Total Current Requirement |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Control of Pipeline Corrosion |
| 8.8 Power Consumption of a Cathodic Protection Rectifier |
National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Control of Pipeline Corrosion |
| 8.9 Cathodic Protection Attenuation Calculation |
ISO 15589 – Cathodic Protection Pipeline Transportation Systems |
| 9. Polyethylene (PE) Pipe Design & Stress Analysis |
|
| 9.1 Distributed Static Surcharge Load on Buried PE Pipe |
1. Soil Engineering, Spangler, M.G. and Handy, R.L.
2. Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes, Watkins, R.K,
and Loren, R, A,
3. Polyethylene Pipe Handbook: Design of PE Piping
Systems, Plastic Pipe Institute, Inc. |
| 9.2 Surcharge Live Load on Buried PE
Pipe & Pipeline Crossings |
|
| 9.2.1 Aircraft Load on Buried PE Pipe |
1. Soil Engineering, Spangler, M.G. and Handy, R.L.
2. Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes, Watkins, R.K,
and Loren, R, A,
3. Polyethylene Pipe Handbook: Design of PE Piping
Systems, Plastic Pipe Institute, Inc. |
9.2.2 AASHTO Std H20 Vehicular Loading
for Paved & Flexible/Unpaved Surfaces
9.2.3 Off Road Crossing-Concentrated Point
Load Single Wheel
9.2.4 Off Road Crossing-Concentrated Point
Load Multiple Wheel
9.2.5 Off Road Crossing- Concentrated Point
Load Not over Buried PE Pipe
9.2.6 Off Road Crossing-Unpaved Road Only
(Timoshenko Equation)
9.2.7 Cooper E-80 Railroad Load on Buried
PE Pipe |
1. Soil Engineering, Spangler, .G. and Handy, R.L.
2. Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes, Watkins, R.K,
and Loren, R, A,
3. Polyethylene Pipe Handbook: Design of PE Piping
Systems, Plastic Pipe Institute, Inc.
4. Modulus of Soil Reaction for Buried Flexible Pipe,
ASCE Geotechnical Journal Vol. 103, Howard, A.K.
5. Evaluation of Modulus of Soil Reaction E’ and Its
Variation with Depth, Report No.UCB/GT/82-02,
Duncan,JM/Hartley,JD, Univ. of Calif, Berkeley |
9.3 Installation of Polyethylene Pipelines
by Horizontal Directional Drilling(HDD) |
|
| 9.3.1 PE Pipe – Pull Force & Installation
Stress Analysis |
ASTM F 1962 05 |
| 9.3.2 HDD PE Pipe - ATL Allowable Tensile
Load During Pull-In Installation |
ASTM F 1962 - 05 and ASTM F 1804 - 08 |
| 9.3.3 PE Pipe - Post-Installation Stress
Analysis |
ASTM F 1962 - 05 |
| 10. Databases |
|
| 10.1 Physical Properties of Fluids |
British Gas - GasVLE |
| 10.2 Pipe Database for Steel, Polyethylene & Custom Pipe |
• Spec. for Line Pipe, API 5L
• Std Steel Pipe, ASTM B36.10
• Spec. for Polyethylene Line Pipe, API 15LE |
| 9. Liquid Properties Calculations |
|
| 9.1 Volume Correction Factors |
API Standard 2540 |
| 9.2 Viscosity-Temperature Relations for Hydrocarbons |
- ASTM D 341
- Hydraulics for Pipeliners, 2nd Edition, C.B. Lester
|
| 9.3 cST/Saybolt Viscosity & API / Baume Specific Gravity Conversion (ASTM 2161) |
- ASTM 2161, Part I
- Hydraulics for Pipeliners, 2nd Edition, C.B. Lester
|
| 9.4 Compressibility Factor for Hydrocarbons (API MPMS) |
- API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Stds. Ch-11.2,
- Compressibility Factor for Hydrocarbons, Aug-1984
|
| 9.5 Adiabatic Bulk Modulus |
Hydraulics For Pipeliners, C.B. Lester |
| 9.6 Wave Speed Calculation |
Hydraulics For Pipeliners, C.B. Lester |
| 9.7 Local Atmospheric Pressure |
AGA Part 3 |
| 10. Utilities |
|
| 10.1 Document Management System |
Application developed by TTI |
| 10.2 Applications Integration Module |
Application developed by TTI |
| 10.3 Technical Drawing Package |
ConceptDraw with pipeline stencils |
| 10.4 Units Conversion Module |
- International System of Units (SI)
- ASTM Metric Guide E380-72E
- ANSI Standard Z201.1
- AGA Gas Measurement Manual, Part 1
|
| 11. Standards/Regulations/Forms |
|
| 11.1 DOT Regulations |
US Department of Transportation 49 CFR - Parts 190-195 |
| 11.2 DOT Forms & Instructions for Reporting |
US Department of Transportation 49 CFR - Parts 190-195 |
| 11.3 DOI-MMS Regulations |
DOI – Minerals Management Service (30 CFR 250 - Subpart J) |
| 11.4 Canadian Pipeline Standards |
Canadian Standards Association Standards Code-Z622 |
